It is important to note that BAD is an early ectasia risk screening tool often used to screen possible refractive candidates.
- The population being screened for refractive procedures due to their eye condition by their very nature will have a higher incidence of ectasia risk.
- A cornea at risk of ectasia, may – if left untouched – never develop ectasia, however, if undergoing refractive treatment, will develop ectasia.
The incidence of yellow “Final D” is therefore higher than the occurrence of keratoconus.

