back to previous page | Products Centerfield® 2

Centerfield® 2

Projection perimeter for visual field tests up to 70°

  • Always up to date
  • Employs all measurement principles
  • Networking capability
  • Remarkable adaptability
  • Highlights
  • Functions
  • Standard Automated Perimetry
  • Glaucoma
  • Technical Data
  • FAQ
  • Contact

Visual field examinations in normally lit rooms

Over the years, the OCULUS Centerfield® 2 has established a worldwide reputation for itself among ophthalmologists, optometrists and occupational physicians. Its closed design and the shaded view into the perimetric bowl allow for visual field examinations in normally lit rooms, making it easy to use this practical table-top device almost anywhere. Operated from an external computer, the transportable Centerfield® 2 provides versatile configuration options that will cover the needs of any practice.

  • Use of an external computer makes it possible to run the device with up-to-date networking and security standards.
  • Performs automated static examinations as well as automated kinetic perimetry.
  • Offers straightforward networking capabilities out of the box, DICOM compatibility and easy EHR integration.
  • Easy to customize with its versatile configuration options and flexible examination programs.
OCULUS Centerfield® 2

Functions

Ergonomic Design

The self-contained design and light-shielded viewer allow examinations to be conducted in normally lit rooms. Its robustness and light weight make the Centerfield® 2 perimeter the ideal unit for portable use, which is often a necessity in the Occupational Health area.

Modern Connectivity

The Centerfield® 2 perimeter can be operated via the USB port of a notebook or PC. Together with the supplied device software, this modern solution allows you to fully utilize all of the benefits of today’s IT systems, especially the network connectivity. This guarantees both safe storage of examination data and quick access to that data when needed.

Reliable Results

The results of the perimetric measurements are summarized in a clearly structured printout. Areas of abnormality can be quickly recognized and re-examination of these areas independent of the test point grid gives the diagnostic analysis even greater reliability.

The Examination Programs

The recommended series of pre-defined test programs provided for Centerfield® 2 perimeter covers the examinations most frequently needed in practice. The “Driver’s License Regulations“ program permits occupational and company physicians to test the field of vision in accordance with applicable German regulations (FEV and amendments thereto) governing the issuance of driver’s licenses. The macula and glaucoma programs allow early detection of various retinal diseases.

The OCULUS Test Strategies

Threshold related – suprathreshold strategies have proven to be time-saving and efficient examination methods. The Centerfield® 2 perimeter uses these strategies for all screening programs, including the Driver’s License eye exams. A variety of threshold testing strategies are available for measurement of the exact numeric values of the visual thresholds.

The OCULUS Test Point Grid

The patented projection method allows you to freely select test point grids on the Centerfield® 2. The central field of vision can be examined using functionally or orthogonally distributed test points. Grids such as the “FeV70” or “Esterman” are used for the periphery. This unlimited flexibility enables test grids to be modified if necessary.

Results Printout

The measuring results of the Centerfield® Perimeter are summarized in a standard printout. For suprathreshold tests, only a single informational overview is printed, whereas for threshold examinations, all clinically relevant data are recorded and shown in various depictions.

Standard Automated Perimetry

During static visual field examinations detailed information is collected on differential light sensitivity (DLS) in various test locations of the visual field. For this purpose standardized light stimuli (usually Goldmann size III) are presented to the patient in the perimeter from different directions. Responses are documented and assessed.

Sensitivity threshold
Light stimuli of different intensities are perceived in different ways. Very bright spots are detected easily while very dark spots go undetected. The change between these two limiting cases is not abrupt, but rather occurs gradually over a certain range of luminance. The sensitivity threshold is given by the value of stimulus luminance at which there is a 50 % probability of perception. Perimetric threshold values are expressed in decibels (dB). The reference value for this decibel scale is given by the maximum stimulus luminance of the perimeter.

Threshold strategies
Strategies for threshold measurements make use of interpolation to determine sensitivity threshold values in all locations of a test pattern. The Centerfield® 2 provides various methods of taking threshold measurements: the classical 4-2 dB staircase strategy (“Full Threshold”), OCULUS Fast Threshold, the original CLIP strategy and the optional ultra-fast SPARK strategy.

Threshold oriented supra-threshold strategies
During examinations using these strategies the presented stimulus is always brighter than the one corresponding to the age-dependent normal threshold value in the respective location (hence the term supra-threshold strategy). Tests take less time, are easier to perform and overviews of the visual field are obtained without numerical dB values. The OCULUS Class Strategy and the 2- and 3-zone strategies are all suitable for fast screening exams using the Centerfield® 2.

Threshold

Comprehensive Perimetry

Sample printout

Examine the periphery: beyond the central visual field

Although static perimetry is usually performed within the central visual field (up to 30° eccentricity), there are also many compelling reasons for examining the periphery if the aim is to gain an overall impression of the entire visual field. Despite its compactness, the Centerfield® 2 has the capacity to test the visual field up to 70° in all directions. To overcome the limitations of the perimetric bowl an ingenious shift of the fixation target is implemented which extends the testing capabilities of the device. This procedure allows testing of extended patterns as in the Esterman test. Threshold strategies are not recommended for peripheral examinations, however.

Rediscover kinetic perimetry

The OCULUS Centerfield® 2 can revert to traditional kinetic testing when standard automated perimetry does not yield satisfactory results. In patients with very low visual acuity kinetic perimetry is sometimes the only method capable of providing additional information on the visual field. The examination can be performed with Goldmann size III stimuli and covers isopters within 35° of eccentricity.

Kinetic Tests

Result Printout

All information at a glance

Result printout

Focus on Glaucoma

Measurement – Assessment – Progression

The first step: screening for glaucoma
Speed, precision and reliability: the SPARK threshold strategy
Beyond field indices: Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP)
Efficient progression analysis: Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT)
Perimetry for glaucoma screening usually involves performing supra-threshold examinations of the central visual field. The Centerfield® 2 has a pre-defined “24-2” screening programme designed to obtain an overview of the visual field in a minimum of time. The device software makes it easy to create customised screening programmes using different test patterns which can be adapted to special requirements.
The SPARK1) strategy is based on statistical relationships between threshold values found for different locations in the glaucomatous visual field. These relationships have been derived from more than 90 000 perimetric examinations, providing high statistical significance and allowing for fast and very precise threshold measurements in the central visual field. The four-phase structure of SPARK makes it a versatile tool for clinical practice:

  • SPARK Precision is the full-fledged version of SPARK. Comprehensive visual field examinations of glaucoma patients can be performed in just 3 minutes per eye. Averaging the results over all four phases ensures a high degree of reliability and reproducibility for improved progression analysis.
  • SPARK-Quick is the perfect strategy for follow-up and screening examinations. The procedure only takes 90 seconds per eye.
  • SPARK Training is ideal for patient training. This 40-second measurement can also be used for screening.

The SPARK threshold strategy is available as an additional option in the OCULUS Centerfield® 2. It is fine-tuned for use in clinical examinations of glaucoma patients. Alternative examination strategies called SPARK-N are available for suspected cases of neurological pathology.

This novel evaluation module performs a thorough assessment of individual visual field findings using modern algorithms of pattern recognition. Besides its unique contribution to early glaucoma diagnosis, GSP2) can substantiate the clinical evaluation of test results.

GSP assigns each test result to a visual field class using an algorithm optimized to match evaluation by a glaucoma expert. In addition, the database of GSP includes correlations with the whole clinical picture (including structural changes). This information enables GSP to evaluate the degree of risk for the presence of different glaucoma stages on the basis of visual field findings.

Intuitive green-yellow-red colour coding helps in fast and reliable interpretation of the findings. The striking novelty of GSP consists in its capability to identify both glaucoma suspect patients and patients with possible pre-perimetric glaucoma using nothing but measured threshold values.

The TNT3) software module objectively evaluates changes over time in visual field results. Combined with the fast SPARK strategy it increases considerably the sensitivity for detecting progression in early glaucoma.

  • TNT displays a concise report of the progression analysis with a summary of the most relevant parameters (MD slope, p-values, etc.).
  • TNT can distinguish between cases of diffuse and focal progression based on the value of the “Focality Index” (FI).
  • TNT uses multiple statistical criteria in establishing progression.
  • TNT presents age-related predictions on the visual field.

Device

Title

Description

1) M. González de la Rosa, J Glaucoma 2013
2) D. Wroblewski et al, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009
3) M. González de la Rosa and M. González-Hernandez, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2011; V.T Diaz-Aleman et al., Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2009

You might also be interested in

Technical data

OCULUS Centerfield® 2 - Technical drawing

Static perimetry

Programs Pre-defined glaucoma, macula, screening and neurological tests, user-defined tests
Test patterns Orthogonal patterns (30-2, 24-2, 30 x 24, 10-2), physiological patterns (Area 1-8), Esterman, customized patterns
Strategies Threshold strategies: OCULUS Fast Threshold, Full Threshold (4-2), CLIP; Optional: SPARK strategy, Age-adapted supra-threshold strategies: OCULUS class strategy, 2-zone, 3-zone, quantify defects
Examination speed Adaptive / fast / normal / slow / user-defined
Fixation control Through central threshold, Heijl-Krakau (using the blind spot), live video image
Perimeter bowl radius 300 mm
Max. eccentricity 36° / 70° (with fixation shift)
Stimulus size Goldmann III
Stimulus colour /Background colour White, blue / White, yellow
Background luminance 10 cd / m² (31,4 asb)
Stimulus duration 200 ms / user-defined
Stimulus luminance range/step 0 – 318 cd / m² (0 – 1 000 asb) / 1 dB
Result display Greyscale, dB values (absolute/relative), symbols, probabilities, 3D plot
Reports Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP),
Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT) progression report

Technical specifications

Patient positioning In depth adjustable head rest, in height adjustable motorized chinrest (optional)
Dimensions (W x D x H) 398 x 503 x 580 mm (15.7 x 19.8 x 22.8 in)
Weight 12.8 kg (28.2 lbs), without chinrest 11.7 kg (25.8 lbs)
Power supply 15 V DC, 3,3 A
Voltage 80 – 264 V AC
Frequency 50 – 60 Hz
Recommended computer specifications Intel® Core™ i5, 500 GB SSD, 8 GB RAM, Windows® 10, Intel® HD Graphics
Interface USB
Software Device control, patient management, backup and print software (Windows®) Built-in networking, easy EMR-integration, DICOM compatibility

Kinetic perimetry

Strategies Automated tests along meridians with freely selectable density up to 35°
Stimulus speed 2°/ s or user-defined

FAQ

There are four models in the OCULUS perimeter range. All four models can perform screening (supra-threshold) and threshold perimetry. Apart from being various sizes they differ as follows:

Model Easyfield® Smartfield Centerfield® Twinfield®
Maximum Eccentricity 30° 30°/25°
With fixation shift: 60°/50°		 36°
With fixation shift: 70°		 90°
Goldmann stimulus size III III III I, III & V
Static/Kinetic Static Static Static/Kinetic Static/Kinetic
Colour perimetry White-white White-white White-white
Blue-yellow		 White-white
Blue-yellow
Red-white
Stimulus presentation Light emitting diodes (LED) LCD display Back surface projection Back surface projection

All commercially available perimeters make use of the same basic testing principles. What makes one perimeter different to another is the way it performs fast thresholding test. Various fast threshold strategies are included in the OCULUS perimeters, one of which is the SPARK strategy – currently the fastest OCULUS strategy for glaucoma patients. It is the product of many years of research dedicated to obtaining reliable averaged results within the shortest possible time.

Furthermore all the perimeters include a unique glaucoma staging display called the Glaucoma Staging Program (GSP).

Lastly glaucoma progression is monitored by the Threshold Noiseless Trend (TNT) analysis method. The method can distinguish between diffuse or focal progression, and unlike methods based on event analysis, trend analyses make full use of the data pool of earlier examinations.

Yes, it may differ somewhat in appearance, but all the essential data known from other perimeters is available on the OCULUS perimeter printouts.

  • Full Threshold (4-2 dB Staircase) Strategy – the algorithm of this strategy can easily be implemented in any instrument and therefore it is available on most commercial perimeters. Results obtained with this strategy can be compared to results from any other perimeter using the same strategy.
  • OCULUS Fast Threshold Strategy – this strategy aims to reduce test time of the 4-2 dB Staircase strategy. The idea of the OCULUS Fast Threshold Strategy is to achieve a compensating gain in information by starting the measurement at each test point with a luminance value equal to the expected sensitivity value at that point. This expected value is calculated on the basis of measurement results already obtained at neighbouring test points.
  • CLIP (Continuous Light Increment Perimetry) Strategy – locations are tested individually by increasing the luminance of the stimulus continuously until the patient responds.
  • SPARK – the examination is performed in four phases. Each of these phases supplies a possible estimation of the functioning of the entire visual field, and the final result is obtained by averaging of the values obtained during each phase.

Yes. SPARK Precision is performed in four phases over a time period of three minutes. Each of the 66 points in the test pattern will be tested at least once during the three minutes.

Shorter examination time and better repeatability are the main benefits of SPARK. Testing time for this strategy will not exceed three minutes and this holds true even for patients with severely impaired visual field function. Compared to other known strategies, SPARK results have a much lower variability.

Various quick screening methods are available. Normally supra-threshold tests are used, however SPARK Quick has been designed specifically with screening in mind. The duration of the test is 1.5 minutes (90 seconds) on all patients and threshold values are generated after the examination.

Most perimeters only have Heijl-Krakau method to monitor patient fixation. This method uses the blind spot as reference. Glaucoma can cause absolute defects in the vicinity of the blind spot, which may increase as the disease progresses. Using the Heijl-Krakau method for these patients may be problematic. Central fixation control – only available in the OCULUS perimeters – uses the central luminance threshold as reference. This is a helpful method to control fixation for glaucoma patients.

All OCULUS perimeters allow for manual set-up of programs. When comparing current results from an OCULUS perimeter with previous results from other perimeters it is important to adapt the parameters of the current examination as closely as possible to those of the earlier examinations. This needs to be done in order to achieve the highest degree of comparability.

Examinations on the Easyfield®, Smartfield or Centerfield® can be performed in a normally lit room, provided the lighting is diffuse and there are no powerful light sources in the patient’s back. The Twinfield® requires a darkroom, as its perimetric hemisphere must be free of shadows.

GSP uses pattern recognition algorithms in order to assess the visual field results of the patient. For “Normal” and “Glaucomatous” visual fields a risk class can be determined by comparing the detected patterns to the visual field patterns stored in the database of the GSP. If the “Pre-perimetric” risk class dominates the bar chart, it means that the pattern of the measured visual field is similar predominantly to the patterns of patients with pre-perimetric glaucoma from the database. Pre-perimetric glaucoma is defined through glaucomatous changes to the optic nerve head and/or the retinal nerve fibre layer without detectable visual field losses. A “Pre-perimetric” result should be followed by a closer monitoring of the patient.

The software automatically chooses exams done with the same test pattern and the same strategy making comparison fast and easy to detect progression. Exams showing obvious learning effects are excluded by the software. The operator can also manually exclude exams if needed.

Contact us!

Request a quote or contact us if you need further information.

Request a quoteContact requestHotline

By using this form I acknowledge that I have read and understood the Terms and Conditions
and agree to be bound by them.
By using this form I acknowledge that I have read and understood the Terms and Conditions
and agree to be bound by them.

Questions?
Get in touch with us.

Tel. +49 641 2005-800